Contemporary artists love to collect sketches and studies by their predecessors and they aren’t alone, writes Katie Armstrong
Jean-Antoine Watteau, “A Man Playing the Guitar,” which will be auctioned in “Master Drawings from the Collection of Diane A. Nixon,” Sotheby’s New York, February 4, 2026. Photograph: Sotheby’s
Old Master drawings—the sketches, studies, even doodles of European artists from the 15th to the early 20th century—can be windows into some of the most celebrated figures in art history. At Sotheby’s, the category begins where medieval manuscripts end, taking in everything from ink sketches by the Flemish court painter Sir Anthony van Dyck to preparatory charcoal marks by Victorian masters and watercolors by J.M.W. Turner.
“You’re looking over the artist’s shoulder while they’re thinking out what they’re going to do,” says Gregory Rubinstein, senior director and head of the Old Master drawings department worldwide at Sotheby’s, of the intimacy and immediacy of rare drawings. “You see them try a figure in one position, try a figure in another position,” he adds. “You see all the stages.”
In 2012, Rubinstein was involved in what is still the world record for the category, overseeing the £29.7m (US$47.9m at the time) sale at Sotheby’s London of “Head of a Young Apostle,” a preparatory sketch by Italian artist Raphael created in the early 16th century for his last great masterpiece, “The Transfiguration” (1516-1520). Two upcoming sales at Sotheby’s New York are a fresh opportunity to explore the breadth of this collecting category and take inspiration from one of its most enthusiastic participants.
Raffaello Sanzio, called Raphael, “Head of a Young Apostle,” which sold for US$47.9m at Sotheby’s London in December 2012. Photograph: Sotheby’s
Diane A. Nixon, whose collection goes under the hammer on February 4, was one of the most esteemed Old Master drawings collectors of the last century, amassing more than 200 works from all schools and periods. A keen advocate for the medium, she bequeathed works to institutions and remained a devoted supporter of drawing departments across the globe.
The most coveted drawings at auction are often studies for works eventually painted on canvas. But they are also complete works of art in themselves and subject to the same scrutiny as any other lot. “We have far more surviving drawings by some artists. It’s very likely that many artists produced lots of drawings which never survived, that got thrown out or binned,” explains Rubinstein. “The relative rarity of the drawing matters.”
Historical and current practices are more intertwined than ever. “There’s a real trend now for contemporary artists, such as Glenn Brown, to look back at older and older art,” Rubinstein says. “Some are collectors of Old Master drawings, which was definitely not the case when I started 35 years ago.” But artists aren’t the only enthusiasts. Drawings are often offered at lower price points than other lots in the Old Masters group—a chance to own work by the greats, often for just a few thousand dollars.
The “Master Works on Paper from Five Centuries” exhibition at Sotheby’s London, July 2025. Photograph: Sotheby’s
Rubinstein recommends visiting drawing exhibitions, viewing auction lots and talking to those in the know to hone your tastes. “It’s a case of trying to understand what it is that you personally find exciting and interesting,” he encourages. “Develop your understanding and you will end up in a position where you can make an informed decision, based on a combination of what appeals and your budget.”
A major highlight of the upcoming New York sales is a Rembrandt study, “Young Lion Resting” from the late 1630s or early 1640s, with an estimate of US$15-20M. One of only six known lion studies by the Dutch Old Master, with the other five spread across institutions including the British Museum, the Louvre and Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, it’s one of the most important Rembrandt works to come to the market in decades. “It’s also just a fantastic image. The most wonderful, powerful, engaging and exciting drawing,” confirms Rubinstein.
Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, “Young Lion Resting,” which will be auctioned at “Master Works on Paper from Five Centuries,” Sotheby’s New York on February 4, 2026. Photograph: Sotheby’s
Also available will be a study of a merchant vessel by the 18th-century Venetian master Canaletto, another of a man playing guitar by French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau, and a spectacular depiction of the Annunciation from Tiepolo created in the late 1730s. The latter has particularly outstanding provenance, having been part of the sought-after collection of Russian prince Aleksey Orlov, which was sold after his death in 1920.
New collectors might be concerned with how to handle such delicate works. While paper and vellum aren’t known for being particularly robust, many drawings have survived for hundreds of years and will survive for many more, as long as they are not displayed in bright sunlight or extreme climates. “A lot of people have fun with drawings because you can plaster the walls with them, which is much easier and more satisfying to do than it is with paintings,” says Rubinstein. “They have real potential as a feature in a decorative scheme.”
Fra Bartolomeo’s “A Fortified Hill Town,” which will be auctioned at “Master Drawings from the Collection of Diane A. Nixon,” Sotheby’s New York, February 4, 2026. Photograph: Sotheby’s
Then there is the connection to an artist, sometimes across centuries. An extraordinarily rare sketch by Renaissance painter Fra Bartolomeo is coming to auction in February: “A Fortified Hill Town,” which is thought to be a view of Lucca, dates from a series he created between 1500 and 1505. “These are some of the earliest complete, pure landscape drawings known in the history of Western art,” says Rubinstein. “It’s just so natural, delicate, atmospheric. Imagine him sitting out there more than 500 years ago, making this little sketch.”
”Master Drawings from the Collection of Diane A. Nixon” and “Master Works on Paper from Five Centuries” are at Sotheby’s New York on February 4.
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